Uzhavan Express that was flagged off from here on September 1, qualifies
to be called a ‘green express’ as bio-toilets have been fitted into 34
of its 36 coaches. “Except first AC and AC two-tier coaches, all the
other 34 coaches have been fitted with bio-toilets,” said Southern
Railway officials.
Indian Railways, at present, is running 1,400 coaches with 3,800
bio-toilets in various trains, according to a Southern Railway press
release issued here on Thursday. In the first four months of the current year, more bio-toilets have been
fitted into coaches than the entire number fitted in the last three
years. The number of bio-toilets fitted into passenger coaches from
April to July this year was 2,285, against 1,337 bio-toilets fitted
during 2012-13, 169 during 2011-12, and 57 during 2010-11.
The first bio-toilet-fitted train, Gwalior-Varanasi Bundelkhand Express, has been running since January 2011. After receiving encouraging feedback from the users and railway
maintenance staff, the pace of fitment of these bio-toilets into
passenger coaches has been ramped up. In its endeavour to take all necessary steps to keep station premises
clean, Indian Railways is now manufacturing all-new conventional
passenger coaches fitted with bio-toilets. A colony of anaerobic bacteria convert human waste mainly into water and
small amount of gases (methane and CO2) in the bio-toilets has been
fitted underneath the lavatories in coaches. The gases emit into the
atmosphere and waste is discharged after chlorination onto the track.
Human waste thus does not fall on the railway track. This procedure is
environment-friendly and improves the working condition for the railway
track staff.
The toilets, according to the press release, will not function if they
are chocked with plastic bottles, paper cups, cloth rags, sanitary
napkin, nappies, plastic poly bags and pouches. The
environment-friendly, low cost and robust technology has been developed
jointly by the Indian Railways and Defence Research and Development
Organisation. The bacteria used in the bio-toilet has been collected and
analysed by DRDO from Antarctica and the efficiency of this system has
been tested in extreme climates and conditions like those at Siachen
Glacier. The anaerobic bacteria can survive in extreme climates and when
exposed to common disinfectants.